Force Dynamics

"Force-dynamic" predications are those in which one participant brings a certain influence to bear on the realisation of an action by another party. This force can be coercive or preventative. In English, these are "let him do", "make him do" type constructions. "Causative" constructions hence fall into this category.

In Qohenje, there are two different construction types depending on the nature of the force dynamics involved (forcing or allowing). Allowing-type predications take the form of simple complement constructions. They consist of a non-finite (nominalised) predication as the LM of the general causal verb .

Allowing

The energy source for such predications is the subordinate TR, being initially held back or prevented by the matrix TR, then finally allowed to carry out the desired action. Both TR are hence in the AG case (unless the matrix clause is an imperative, in which case there is no TR, as in the second and third examples below). The whole subordinate clause will be marked with a PT LM.

 

Forcing

Forcing-type predications in Qohenje take a different form, but use the same causal verb ( ). These constructions make intransitive subordinate clauses into a possessive phrases with , expressed as the LM of the causal verb with the PT clitic :

Transitive subordinate clauses take the form of a possessive in , with the logical LM expressed as a preverbal ATT form (like an adverb):

The notion of an unsuccessful attempt to force someone to do something can be captured by changing the LM clitic to AX case :

Elaboration of the semantics of the forcing-type verb can be achieved through adverbial additions (see preverbs), such as the following example with the adverbial (ATT form) of , immediately before the main causal verb.

Preventing

Predications such as prevent X from doing Y appear in Qohenje as normal forcing-type predications with a negated (nominalised) verbal element in the subordinate clause: